小同伴们，周末好！

　　上周我们听了丘吉尔日记《哈瓦那城的口岸》上半局部，这周我们来听下半局部。

　　

温斯顿·伦纳德·斯宾塞·丘吉尔（ Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill，1874年11月30日－1965年1月24日），英国最伟大的政治家、汗青学家、画家、演说家、作家、记者。

丘吉尔1874年生于英格兰牛津郡伍德斯托克的一个贵族家庭，父亲伦道夫勋爵曾任英国财务大臣。1940年至1945年和1951年至1955年两度出任英国辅弼，被认为是20世纪最重要的政治魁首之一，辅导英国人民博得了第二次世界大战，是“雅尔塔集会三巨擘”之一，战后颁发《铁幕演说》，正式揭开了美苏暗斗的序幕。他写的《不需要的和平》获1953年诺贝尔文学奖，著有《第二次世界大战回想录》16卷、《英语民族史》24卷等。

　　我们先来熟悉一下文中呈现的局部单词：

　　

　　block house [bl?k haus] n. 堡垒，地堡

　　pilot engine [?pail?t ?end?in] n. 清路汽车，先驱机车，压道机车

　　armored-carn. 装甲车辆

　　compartment[k?m'pɑrtm?nt] n. 火车车厢中的斗室间，分开间

　　infest[?n'fest] v. 侵扰

　　adherent[?d'h?r?nt] n. 跟随者，拥护者

　　combustible[k?m'b?st?b(?)l] adj. 易燃的，可燃的

　　phosphorous['f?sf?r?s] n. [化] 磷

　　incendiarist[?n'sendi?r?st] n. 放火者

　　conflagration[?k?nfl?'gre???n] n. 大火警

　　authorship['??θ???p] n. 原创作者，本源

　　twofold['tu?f??ld] adj. 两倍的；双重的

　　belligerent[b?'l?d??r?nt] n. 交兵的一方（国度、个体或团体）

　　indescribable[??nd?'skra?b?bl] adj. 难以形容的

　　revolt [r?'v??lt] n. 抵拒，起义

　　

　　这篇日记是丘吉尔作为一名青年军官兼随军记者在古巴写的战地日记，从中可以明白到他的写作才干和作风。

　　本文由沈汀为您朗读，中文版本由李冉、李曙新编译。

　　The Harbor of the City of Havana

　　

Cienfuegos, 9 November 1985

Next day we started for Santa Clara, which is the Captain General’s headquarters. As far as Colon the journey is safe, but thenceforward the country is much disturbed. The insurgents have given notice that they will wreck any train carrying troops, and have several times succeeded in so doing. Every station from Colon to Santa Clara is a small fort. Sometimes it is a stockade of logs, sometimes a loopholed house or a stone breastwork; all have a garrison of from fifteen to twenty men. Every bridge has to be guarded also by a block hou搜索引擎优化r other defensive work, as the rebels cut the supports through and so upset the trains. In fact, they have tried every sort of dodge in this respect. One of the cleverest of these is to loosen a rail and to fasten a wire to it. When the train comes along this wire is pulled, and the result often fully repays their labors. Dynamite is also thrown, but the insurgents appear not to understand its employment, as only two explosions have taken place so far, though there have been many attempts. At Santa Domingo a pilot engineand an armored-carare added to the train, as the rebels often indulge in target practice — from a respectful distance. In the car rides the escort, the passengers being permitted the privilege of using the ordinarycompartments. When we reached this place the line thence to Santa Clara had just been cut, and the traffic had to go round by Gruces, thus causing a great delay. On arrival there it was announced that the train which preceded ours, and in which was General Valdez, had been thrown off the line a few miles beyond Santa Domingo, and that fifteen of its occupants had been severely injured. This had been affected by weakening the supports of a small culvert. The General fortunately escaped uninjured, and at once started up country. Marshal Campos, to whose headquarters we went, received us very kindly, and readily gave us the necessary passes and letters. Unfortunately, we found that the column of General Valdez was already twenty miles away, through a country infestedby the enemy, and it would therefore be necessary to go to Cienfuegos, thence by steamer to Tuna, and from there on to Sancti Spiritus. Though this route forms two sides of a triangle, it is — Euclid not withstanding — shorter than the other, and we shall catch the column there.

The insurrection shows no sign of abating, and the insurgents gain adherentscontinually. There is no doubt that they possess the sympathy of the entire population, and hence have constant and accurate intelligence. On the other hand Spain is equally determined to crush them, and is even now pouring in fresh troops by the thousand. How it will end is impossible to say, but whoever wins and whatever may be the results, the suffering and misery of the entire community is certain. The struggle is now entering upon a crucial stage. Maximo Gomez has said openly that he will not allow the grinding of the sugar cane. Any planter who does so will have his plantation burned. In the face of this threat the authorities are powerless. The cane is ripe, fit for cutting, and very combustible. It was explained to me that a piece of phosphorous, coated with wax, would be the probable instrument of the incendiarists. This little pill is fastened to the tail of the Cuban grass snake, a common and inoffensive creature, which is then set loose. The sun melts the wax and ignites the phosphorous, and the result is a conflagration, without any possible clue as to its authorship. No amount of military protection or patrolling can guard against this form of outrage, and the general impression is that the planters will not grind. The importance of this cannot be over-estimated. It means the paralyzing of the staple industry of the country and the ruin of the entire island. It means bankruptcy to the planter and starvation to the laborer, and it will leave a mark upon Cuba which will take many years of plenty and good government to efface.

The twofoldobject of the rebels in taking this momentous step is to make plain to the entire world the power they have – and so obtain recognition as belligerentsfrom the United States — and by plunging their country into indescribablewoe to procure the intervention of some European Power. Looked at from any standpoint, it is a dreadful and a desperate remedy, and one which neither restriction of liberty nor persistent bad government can fully justify. It is, nevertheless, a course open to the dangerous and determined men who are in revolt, and one which there is every reason to believe they will adopt.

　　哈瓦那城的口岸

　　

1895年11月9日，西恩富戈斯

　　第二天，我们出发前往位于圣克拉拉城的总司令部。在到科隆去的这段路上一直很平安，但在今后的乡间地域就很不安宁了。暴乱者已发出告示说，他们要粉碎所有运送队伍的列车，并有频频已乐成地这样做了。从科隆到圣克拉拉沿途每个站都设了一个小关卡。这些关卡有的是用圆木围成的栅栏，有的是墙上开有枪孔的屋子，有的是用石头垒成的胸墙；每个关卡都有十五到二十人的队伍拒守。由于起义者堵截了一切支援，扰乱了列车的正常运行，因此，每座桥梁也都有一座堡垒或其他进攻工事来保镳。实际上，暴乱者在这方面已经想出了各种凑合的举措，此中最巧妙的一个举措便是把一段铁轨弄松，而后在上面系一根金属线。当列车开过去时就把金属线一拉，于是他们的劳动就得到了充沛的报偿。暴乱者们也使用投掷炸弹的方法，但他们仿佛对这种方法把握得欠好，固然测验考试了很多多少次，但至今只引爆乐成了两次。在圣多明各，我们的列车上加挂了一节压道车和一辆装甲车，因为那些起义者常常喜欢选定方针停止远间隔袭击。装甲车里坐着保护队员，搭客们得到允许有权使用列车车厢中的普通分开间。我们达到此地的时候，从这里到圣克拉拉的铁道路方才被堵截，我们不得不绕道经由克鲁塞斯，因此而迟延了很永劫间。达到这里的时候我们就据说，就在我们后面的一辆列车，上面乘坐着瓦尔德斯将军，在分开圣多名各几英里外的处所被脱出了路轨，此中有十五名搭客受了重伤。这是用削弱铁路下方一个小涵洞的撑持作用而造成的成效。所幸的是将军没有受伤，但马上在全国引起了惊动。我们达到坎波斯元帅的总部时，元帅平和地欢迎我们，并很快发给了我们所需要的通行证和函件。遗憾的是，我们发明那时瓦尔德斯将军的队伍已经开出去二十英里，正在经由过程一段被敌军侵扰的村落，由此看他们需要到西富恩戈斯去，而后从那儿搭船去图纳，再去圣斯皮里图斯。这样的道路行成了一个三角形的两条边，依据欧几里德的多少学定理，这条道路虽然比另一条的道路短，但我们照旧可以在那里遇上他的队伍。

　　暴乱没有显出削弱的迹象，并且暴乱的跟随者还在不时增多。毫无疑问，他们拥有全体大众的同情，所以才会不时取得精确的谍报。另一方面，西班牙也同样下定决计要镇压他们，甚至此刻还在多量地派来增援队伍。很难说成效会怎样，但不管哪方取得败北，不管是什么成效，全体百姓要蒙受一场魔难是必定的。此刻，奋斗已经进入要害阶段。马克西莫·戈麦斯曾地下说，他不允许任何人研磨蔗糖。任何种植园主如果这样做的话，其种植园将被烧失。面临这样的打单，政府毫无举措，甘蔗已经熟了，正是收割的时候，也长短常易燃的时候。有人向我表明说，一片磷在里面裹上一层蜡，就可以成为放火者的东西。把一颗这样的小丸子绑在一条古巴草蛇 — 一种常见的但没有伤害性的蛇 — 的尾巴上，而后把它放走。太阳将蜡丸晒化，磷一热便焚烧起来，其成效便是一场大火警，而关于火警的本源则不成能有任何线索。关于这种形式的暴行，再多的军事回护或军事巡逻都杯水车薪，所以广泛的印象是种植园主都不会研磨蔗糖。不克不及过高估量这样做的重要性。它意味着这个国度主要财产的瘫痪和整个岛屿的覆灭。它意味着甘蔗种植园主的破产和种植工人的受饿，并将给古巴留下一个伤痕，需要用几许年的工夫和有能力的政府才干予以打消。

　　起义者接纳这种严重的步调有双重目的，一是向全世界展示他们所拥有的力气 — 由此取得美国对其作为交兵一方的供认 — 二是把他们的国度推向难以形容的劫难，以促成欧洲列强的干涉。无论从哪种态度来看，这都是一个可骇的和绝望的弥补举措，是一个既不克不及限制自由，又不想坚持坏政府可能正当统治下去的举措。所以不管怎么说，这便是抵拒活动中的那些危险而又坚决的分子所走的路，也完全有来由相信他们要抉择走这样的路。

　　一座都会，承载了几许故事。你有没有对哪座都会有特另外情结呢？快来留言聊聊吧！